Methodology
Formula & assumptions
Section area
selected shape formula
Rectangle = L×W, circle = πr², triangle = base×height÷2.
Base volume
section area × depth × quantity
Depth is converted from inches or centimeters into the same length basis.
Purchase volume
base volume × (1 + extra allowance %)
Allowance stays explicit instead of being built into geometry.
Cubic yards
purchase cubic feet ÷ 27
One cubic yard equals 27 cubic feet.